Effective Persuasive Techniques Used By John Donne s ``...

Effective Argument Techniques Effective argumentative and persuasive techniques are a course of reasoning aimed at validating or falsifying the truth in an argument. With an in-depth analysis of literature, the perplex intentions of a writer that use such techniques can be revealed. Methods such as logical fallacies, rhetorical devices, and satirical devices are three approaches that construct a piece of work on a more compelling level. Behind these elements of writing, there are a multitude of purposes. Various writers use these techniques with the aim of obscuring the audience s perception, driving them to uncover the deeper message. Alternatively, writers may use it in establishing social criticism, while maintaining a humorous undertone. Distinct examples can be shown in John Donne’s poem â€Å"The Flea†, which indicates a logical fallacy, Jonathan Swift’s essay â€Å"A Modest Proposal†, which illustrates a rhetorical device, and JP Sears’ satirical video â€Å"If Meat Eate rs Acted Like Vegans†. One of the many components of an effective argumentative technique is a logical fallacy. A logical fallacy is a false or deceptive argument that presents a flaw in logic. A specific aspect of a logical fallacy is appeal to emotion. Appeal to emotion is the manipulation and arousal of emotions for the sake of gaining acceptance of a conflicting viewpoint. Emotions are harnessed in order to cloud any form of rationality. This is why appeal to emotion is considered a fallacy, because an error

The Wall Street Is An Useful Tool For The American Economy

Pros of Wall Street Wall Street is an extremely useful tool for the American economy. It helps those who are in the lower part of the social ladder by giving them a chance to climb the ladder of economic opportunity. Wall Street also helps boost other industries within America, thereby making it vital for the American economy. As Wall Street is one of the most important financial institutions in the world and provides more positive aspects for the economy than negative ones. Wall Street is extremely important for the American economy. Jeff Madrick, the editor of Challenge: The Magazine of Economic Affairs, in his piece â€Å"Does America need Wall Street†, cites historian Alfred Chandler, who argued that the majority of the money put into America during industrialization came from corporate profits (Madrick).Those profits were able to make technological advances for all Americans. Daniel Indiviglio, former associate editor of the Atlantic, states that Wall Street is also important to the economy because it helps banks create capital (Indiviglio). That bank capital helps create jobs in the economy by causing more money to be available to be put into the economy. Wall Street plays an important part in the economy, and without it, America would face financial hardships. Wall Street also helps the American economy by providing the opportunity to be able to move up the financial ladder. Adam Davidson, a journalist who focuses on business and economic issues for National PublicShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Online News839 Words   |  4 PagesOn the front page of today’s online business section of the Wall Street Journal, two headlines were presented side by side. While one referenced the â€Å"Uncommonly Strong U.S. Economic Picture,† buoyed by strong job growth, the other, written a week later, lamented the â€Å"Sluggish U.S. Economy† that has consistently posted lackluster growth figures (). Both articles, written by respected economic corresponden ts at the Journal—itself a reputable paper—reference official, credible figures; yet, despiteRead MoreTheu.s. Dodd Frank Wall Street Reform And Consumer Protection Act930 Words   |  4 PagesThe pros and cons of many macroeconomic policies are frequently debated. In particular, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act that was signed into law in July of 2010 sparked bitter controversy. Appropriately argued by American Banker’s Capitol Hill reporter Victoria Finkle, Dodd-Frank is viewed as either a â€Å"landmark law that reined in the biggest banks† or an â€Å"economy-crippling overreach that burdened small institutions.† The Act intends to tighten financial regulation inRead MoreDollar General Case Analysis1059 Words   |  5 Pagesappropriate analytical tool. However, the four distinct types of retailers within the dollar store retail segment (original dollar stores, close-out retailers, limited assortment grocers, and extreme-value retailers) all compete on price. Dollar General is very competitive in this regard, but this alone has not rendered the company successful; price is not Dollar General’s competitive advantage amongst its competitors. Therefore, a demand-side differentiation analysis proves far more useful in addressingRead MoreDow Jones Industrial Average And Nasdaq1450 Words   |  6 PagesSecurities Dealers Automatic Quotation System. It is the first and largest electronic stock exchange in the world, consisting of more than 4000 stocks. Both the Dow Jones Industrial Average and NASDAQ are significant gauges of the current state of the economy. However, the NASDAQ is much larger and includes more than 4000 companies, while the Dow Jones only includes 30 companies. All of the NASDAQ stocks are also traded on the NASD AQ exchange, while the majority of Dow stocks are traded on the NYSE. TheRead MoreThe Dow Jones Industrial Index1420 Words   |  6 PagesSecurities Dealers Automatic Quotation System. It is the first and largest electronic stock exchange in the world, consisting of more than 4000 companies. Both the Dow Jones Industrial Average and NASDAQ are significant gauges of the current state of the economy. However, the NASDAQ is much larger and includes more than 4000 companies, while the Dow Jones only includes 30 companies. 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Over and over again, in unison, they chant â€Å"We are the ninety-nine percent!† and collectively formRead More6.0Industry Trends And Agency Issues. 6.1 Industry Trends.1721 Words   |  7 Pagesneeds ïÆ'Ëœ Declining fuel tax revenues ïÆ'Ëœ Insecurities about Federal funding 6.1.2 American Society of Civil Engineers’ (ASCE) and Challenges Facing Infrastructure Nationwide, transportation infrastructure faces many challenges, including aging assets and reduced fuel tax revenues. As a result, aged highways and bridges require costly reconstruction and replacement with limited funds. 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The current state of the economy in the United States and the global recession has cut down the advertising revenues for the newspapers. The cost of publishing has increased, which has caused the majority of the newspapers to increase their prices. This has further distanced consumers

The Melbourne Coffee for Business Capstone Project By Traders

Question: Discuss about the Melbourne Coffee for Business Capstone Project. Answer: Introduction: Coffeeis the world's most traded agricultural commodity. Thetradeis valued over US$15 billion and annually almost 100 million bags ofcoffee are moved around the world. Coffeewas introduced into Papua New Guinea (PNG) in the 1950s and is now that country's second most important agricultural product (Allen, B. 2014). Coffee is not just drink it is a global commodity. Good coffee is practically considered as a birthright and the fever of coffee in Melbourne has beaten Rome, Sydney and Vienna in terms of serving best coffee in the world. Melbourne is the most important coastal city of Australia and it is also known as creative capital of the country. The coffee cafs of Melbourne are the culture of the city and it is a very unique part of the lives of the people living there. The Bluestone Lane which is inspired by the world's renowned coffee culture is found in Melbourne Australia. The coffee culture of Melbourne is actually made up of layers and sophistication. The coffee is the part of Melbourne's fabric and DNA. Nobody can copy Melbourne's coffee culture due to its distinct climate, people and tradition. Melbourne is often referred to as the coffee capital of the world. Melbourne's caf culture is known for its heritage passed within generations. The Australian city of Melbourne in the state of Victoria is all about being a location for coffee with a 'plus', and this is observable in its caf culture which is not confined to just excellent coffee - but an experience that goes well beyond in many ways. During the last few decades, coffee has evolved from the popular espresso and latte to a more refined, gourmet beverage with connoisseurs analyzing the different roasts, flavor profiles and blends of the beans. Currently the young Australian entrepreneurs are also taking interest in cafes and coffee business. As the country is obsessed with coffee Australian culture shun American style drip coffee and prefer espresso(Adams, 2012). The total revenue expected from coffee business in Australia during the year 2912 to 2017 is 6 billion dollar. The coffee market of the country is growing at the rate of 7.2 percent. Total number of workers employed in the coffee business in the country is around 71,957 and a total of 14411 business firms are involved in the coffee business in the country(Clark, 2013). The current culture of coffee in the country is showing a high-expected growth in the coming years. In the last five years the coffee cafes and shops have expanded and becoming increasingly diverse. The growing number of specialty cafes and coffee shops and culture of Australia have resulted in a high industry competition, low industry concentration and low barriers to entry (Clark, 2013). To meet the rising demands from boutique specialty roasters for high quality green beans, an organization under the name of Melbourne Coffee Merchants has been established in the year 2008. MCM supply coffee around the Australia. According to the Dan Gallo CEO of Melbourne coffee chain Degani Caf the total coffee retail market of worth $ 3.2 million are driven by local independents. The coffee market of the city is growing at about 2.37 percent every year(Adams et al., 2016). There is a degree of latent demand of coffee in the city market. In the next few years the city will face the shortage of high quality coffee beans which will ultimately higher prices until the supply meets the demand. In the last 20 years the size of coffee retailers has been increased from 1560 to 4768 coffee retailers(Adams et al., 2016). The major reason behind this sudden growth in the retail business of coffee seeds is that a huge number of cafes and coffee shops have developed in Melbourne. Consequently, there has been an unprecedented rise in the demand of coffee beans all across the city. The biggest coffee chains in Melbourne are Gloria Jeans Coffee (a total of 79 stores), Hudsons Coffee (30 stores), McCafe (housed in 118 McDonalds stores), Starbucks Coffee (25 stores) and The Coffee Club (22 stores)(Adams et al., 2016). Noneof them owns more than six percent share of the total coffee market of the city. In terms of total revenue share of coffee shops in Melbourne in different product offerings, coffee sales is contributed 51 percent of the total revenue of all the coffee shops in the city. Other beverages like tea, hot chocolate and milkshakes contributed 21.5 percent and other food like sandwiches, eggs and toast, cookies etc contributed the remaining 27.5 percent of the total revenue (Adams et al., 2016). To conclude the topic, it is clear that (based on the research information) Australian cities plays a significant role in the world coffee business and is in a fast growing phase. Among all those cities Melbourne is well known for its unique coffee culture, which has operated over the years in a massive scale. The most eruptive point to notice is the massive growth of the sales of the industry and the expectancy to boom so. This will open new market opportunities for many individual and sophisticated investors to participate in a dramatic scale over the coming decade and onwards. However, according to the research not all the new entrants will survive, the expected quality and existing rivalry is so high that you cannot survive without something special. The Arabica coffee beans are considered as one of the best coffee beans around the world. It will be a very interesting fact to see the effect of this quality coffee beans make to the industry in Melbourne. Melbourne coffee traders Australian Coffee Trade Association Inc is the coffee association of the country. Currently sustainable coffee is considered as the biggest growth sector in the coffee industry. The annual growth rate of sustainable coffee in the country is between 10 percent and 20 percent. The growth rate of sustainable coffee even exceeds the growth rate of specialty coffee whose growth rate is between 5 percent and 10 percent per year(McKay, 2016). As a summary, the Australian coffee merchants are following a direct trade mechanism, which helps them to deal with coffee producers in a straightforward method. They use this to build numerous relationships with the coffee growers and to negotiate better deals with due diligence and care. The expected quality and governance mechanisms are so high where merchants are not only looking for the best quality beans but also the sustainable growing patterns. Major Types of Coffee Beans that are being Used by the Traders in Melbourne: There is no gain re-stating the fact that Melbourne is considered to be one of the most caffeine-crazed cities in the entire world. Consequently, it is needless to say that the huge consumption of coffee by its residents is accompanied by an incredible high demand for a rich variety of coffee beans. While analyzing and assessing the prospect of importing and selling Colombian Arabica coffee in Melbourne, it would be discreet to know the kinds of coffee beans used by the traders in Melbourne at present. First of all, the most popular coffee bean in the cafes and the coffee bars of the city, is the high quality green bean. The most impressive feature of these beans is that they come with the guarantee of a superior flavor, and added to that its rich variety of flavor, such as Geisha or Bourbon, make it a favorite among the coffee consumers. Next, apart from these fine high quality green beans, the traders also sell freshly roasted coffee beans. These beans are unbeatable in taste and its power in intoxicating the senses of the consumer, and are widely appreciated for its freshness (Saerens et al. 2016). The blended coffee beans offering the traditional coffee taste are also traded here. For example, the Classic Italian blend, Hipster Barista Blend, or the Melbourne Espresso Blend, are highly popular in the coffee market of Melbourne. Besides, the sale of other coffee beans such as Papua New Guinea Beans and Kenyan Wamuguma beans deserve special mention here. Current Practice for Obtaining Coffee Beans as Used by the Melbourne Traders: The process of obtaining coffee seeds from the other part of the city or the world is important, as it enlightens the method by which the Melbourne traders import coffee, and thereby engage in the coffee trading industry. First of all, these traders purchase the coffee beans, from the wholesalers who are responsible for supplying and delivering the most popular coffee beans to the respective traders. The Bennetts, the Crop to Cup, or First Crop Coffee are some of the most popular and recognized coffee beans wholesalers, who are responsible for connecting the coffee traders of Melbourne with the coffee producers of different regions of the world. Besides, the non-profit organizations such as Australian Coffee Traders Association (ACTA) or Coffee and Nut Trading also help the traders obtain high quality coffee seeds from other parts of the world (Walters and Broom 2013). The brokers play an important role in providing the traders with the coffee beans in Melbourne. It is important to n ote here that a huge number of suppliers are selling coffee beans online as well, whereby the coffee products are ordered by the traders through the website, and the same are being delivered via the Australia Post e-parcel service. These online sites sell a variety of coffee beans available at a variety of prices. Current practice of Logistics: The logistics management of any product is very important as an effective logistic system helps in the growth in the sale of the product in a consumer market. As it has been already discussed above, the coffee beans are primarily imported from different parts of the world, or different regions of the country, via brokers or the online coffee trading sites. While the coffee beans are transported, the shipping process is properly taken care of (Ye and Wu 2014). The coffee beans are highly sensitive to moisture, and hence require to be shipped in woven bags, that enable free circulation of air. Hence, the protection and the ventilation measures require to be adopted in a cargo ship, while shipping the beans. The LIS, also known as the Logistics Information System plays an important role here, as the transfer of the data from one end to the other is highly important for enabling proper management of both the physical system as well as the consumer orders. The transport managers for examp le are responsible for collecting and passing on the information, such as the status summaries of the movement of goods. As far as the distribution of the goods is concerned, the coffee seeds are distributed via different online and retail intermediaries. Import Mechanism Practiced in Melbourne: The import mechanism practiced in Melbourne by the coffee traders is quite simple and effective. In case, the coffee products are entering from any foreign country, the process of importing however is not going to be too easy. Te coffee beans, while entering the city from any other country, will require to be enquired and examined by the Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service (AQIS) authority. Besides, any coffee product that will be arriving in Australia from a foreign country, for commercial purpose, must have a phytosanitary certificate, along with an invoice, packing list as well as the ICO certification (Adams 2012). While the coffee beans are usually duty free, a merchandise processing fee and a harbor maintenance fee will be applicable. Overall coffee trading As per the market report the global production forecast for coffee production for the coming year will be around 154 million bags. The biggest coffee producer countries are Brazil (52 million bags), Vietnam (30.4 million bags), Indonesia (11.2 million bags), Colombia and the America's (12 million bags), Africa (1 million bags) etc.(Adams, 2012). On the other hand global demand for coffee beans is expected to be lower. In the year 2014-15 the total consumption of coffee was seen at 150.2 million bags but for the year 2015-16 the total consumption will likely to be flat (Adams, 2012). The import of coffee beans by Australia was growing at the rate of 5 to 10 percent every year till 2015 but the total import of coffee beans was flat in the year 2016(Adams, 2010). Australia imports coffee from a number of countries. The imported beans are both arabica and robusta. Arabica is mostly used in roasted market and robusta is mostly used in the instant coffee market. Traditionally the biggest exporter to Australia is Papua New Guinea followed by Vietnam. Indonesia, Brazil, India, Thailand, Colombia and Costa Rica are the other coffee supplier countries for Australia (Adams, 2010). Importing coffee can be used as the most rational method since Australia does not have the relative advantage of natural resources such as climate and cheap labor compared to the other coffee grown nations. This implies us the notion of the absolute advantage theory where a country must specialize in the products which it has an advantage of producing. In conclusion, to fulfill the needs and requirements of the market associated with demanded quality and quantity, it is better to import good quality coffee from the bigger and better producers than focusing on the small and different quality domestic production. Australia Total Coffee Consumption In the past year Australia served 1.5 million cups of coffee out of which 43 percent of cups were preferred of lette coffee followed by followed by 20 percent ordering flat whites and 12 percent of ordering cappuccinos(McKay, 2016). The 16 percent of coffee cups were made up of hot chocolate, iced beverages, teas, mochas, filter coffees, chai lattes and other unspecified beverages.The rest 9 percent cups were preferred for long blacksand espresso coffee. In terms of size the small coffees take 80.7 percent market size of total coffee market(McKay, 2016). Coffee is deeply embedded in the culture of the country and this is the reason behind the preference of coffee over tea by the local people of Australia. Australians are one of the highest consumers of instant coffee in the world. Australians prefer to but outside coffee(McKay, 2016). Australia is a significant consumer of tea but in the recent year the preference has been shifted towards coffee consumption. In terms of coffee consumption Unfiltered coffee and mesh-filtered coffee is the most preferred coffee in Australia. These forms of coffee have high levels of cafestol and kahweol(Chen Hu, 2010). In the terms of service quality the coffee outlets of the country are increasingly becoming competitive in providing effective service quality to its customers. Service quality influences the symbolic and functional value of customers. As per the study conducted by Chen and Hu (2009), coffee consumption in a coffee outlet is not just the matter of getting symbolic values and functional values but it is the matter of traditional customer values. Symbolic values in service quality include social, aesthetic, emotional and reputational values. The core attributes coffee quality and FB play an important role in driving value perception of a coffee outlet in Australia. The se two core attributes play major role in influencing customer's judgment in terms of symbolic and functional values(Chen Hu, 2010). A study was conducted by Wanget al. (2015) to analyze the coffee and caffeine consumption and depression. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between coffee intake and risk of depression. Espresso coffee is getting growth in Australian market as compared to roast and ground coffee market. To study the results data was collected from 11 articles. A total of 330677 participants were taken from the seven studies in the coffee depression analysis. A random-effects model was selected for the study with 95 percent confidence level. The result of the study stated that there is a significant association between coffee and caffeine consumption along with decreased risk of association. In Australia coffee drinking has become an everyday common pursuit. The society of the Australia seems unable to function without the intake of coffee every day. Third wavers of Australia separate themselves from espresso drinkers through their sophisticated flavors and taste of coffee (W ang et al., 2015). Colombian Arabica coffee In the year 2015 total amount of coffee export by the country was amounted at 30.5 US million dollars. Colombia is the world's leading producer of mild washed Arabica coffee. It produced a total of 1.3 million coffee bags (60 kg each) in the year 2015 which was a 10 percent increase as compared to the year 2014. Colombia is the second biggest coffee producer of coffee. In terms of Arabica coffee is it the largest producer of Arabica coffee. Arabica coffee is considered the highly quality bean of coffee. Colombia export coffee to many countries. The biggest importers of coffee from Colombia are United States, Germany, Japan, Italy and other European countries (Brien Adams, 2012). References Adams, J., 2010. Thoroughly modern coffee. Text Journal, (8), pp.1-13. Adams, J.E., 2012. Marketing Tea against a Turning Tide: Coffee and the Tea Council of Australia 19631974.M/C Journal,15(2). Adams, J., 2012. Australia's American coffee culture. The Australasian Journal of Popular Culture, 2(1), pp.23-36. [Accessed 2016]. Adams, J.E., 2012. Marketing Tea against a Turning Tide: Coffee and the Tea Council of Australia 19631974. M/C Journal, 15(2), p.8. Adams, B., Gans, J., Hayes, R. Lampe, R., 2016. Does Organizational Form Drive Competition? Evidence from Coffee Retailing. NBER Working Paper No. 22548, 1(1), pp.1-29. Allen, B. 2014, "FROM MODERN PRODUCTION TO IMAGINED PRIMITIVE: The Social World of Coffee from Papua New Guinea",Pacific Affairs,vol. 87, no. 1, pp. 198-200 Brien, D.L. Adams, J., 2012. Coffee: A Cultural and Media Focussed Approach. M/C journal, 15(2). Chen, P.-T. Hu, H.-H., 2010. How determinant attributes of service quality influence customer-perceived value. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 22(4), pp.535-51. Clark, L., 2013. Taking on the coffee competition. B T Weekly: Trade Journals. McKay, B., 2016. Coffee Consumption: Evil Foe or Helpful Friend? Australian Medical Student Journal, 1(1). Patterson, P.G., Scott, J. Uncles, M.D., 2010. How the local competition defeated a global brand: The case of Starbucks. Australasian Marketing Journal, 18, pp.41-47. Saerens, S. and Swiegers, J.H., Chr. Hansen A/S, 2016. Enhancement Of Coffee Quality And Flavor By Using Pichia Kluyveri Yeast Starter Culture For Coffee Fermentation. U.S. Patent 20,160,058,028 Walters, P. and Broom, A., 2013. More than one billion cups of coffee are consumed in cafs, restaurants, and other outlets each year in Australia, with an increase of 65 percent over the last 10 years. 1 While Australia is still lagging behind nations such as Italy and Japan in terms of drinking coffee outside the home (Ryan.Caf Society, p.185. Wang, L., Shen, X., Wu, Y. Zhang, D., 2015. Coffee and caffeine consumption and depression: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 50(3), pp.228-42. Adams, J.E., 2012. Marketing Tea against a Turning Tide: Coffee and the Tea Council of Australia 19631974.M/C Journal,15(2). Ye, H. and Wu, J., 2014. Selection of a Logistics Service Provider Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Approach: A case study of Swedish Coffee ManufacturerGevalia.

Company Law for Journal of Legal Insight - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theCompany Law for Journal of Legal Insight. Answer: Directing Mind and Will The phrase directing mind and will is mainly associated with Lord Denning who interpreted the phrase in the case of H.L Bolton Co. Ltd v. T.J. Graham and Sons Ltd. The concept was referred by Denning in the case where he identified managers as the brains that play a significant role in corporate decision-making (Gurunay, p. 105). According to Lord Denning, the state of mind of a manager is the companys state of mind. According to Section 124 of the Corporation Act 2001, a limited business company can be regarded as a separate legal entity which possesses similar characteristics as an individual person. A corporation does not have physical existence, but this does not hinder the company from complying with the common and statute laws. The company can be held liable for breaching a contract. In determining the criminal liability of a company, it is imperative to understand the two types of liability which are primary and secondary. A company incurs primary liability when it is deemed to have done wrong by itself (Archibald, Jull Roach 2003). However, it is also imperative to note that a corporation or a company does not have the capability for physical action or possessing an intention or ideas and knowledge which differ from human beings. To understand better the meaning of the phrase Directing mind and will," Lord Denning's ruling in H.L Bolton Co. Ltd v. T.J. Graham and Sons Ltd. In his ruling, Lord Denning pointed out that the directors and managers of the company were similar to the brain of a human in a corporation which guides it by directing their mind and will. In other words, the companys decisions were directed by the directors and managers, which rendered them guilty as they had also rendered the company guilty. This implies that the phrase simply means that the decisions taken by managers and directors can be considered to be the decisions made by the company since the managers and directors are the "brains of the company, " and the company would act in accordance with their directions. Piercing the Corporate Veil In the Corporation Act 2001, corporations, and LLC are regarded as a legal entity, separate from their owners. The idea to separate owners from the companies was brought by the House of Lords in Salomon V, Salomon. In Salomon v. Salomon Co. Ltd, the House of Lords, affirmed a legal principle that is applicable today that, once a company is incorporated, it is considered as a legal entity that is separate from the legal shareholders and owners (Salomon v Salomon Co. 1897). The concept of separate legal entity has been applied in the Australian Corporate law for over hundreds of years. This legal principle allows companies to act in their own right and not on the basis of their controllers (Ramsay Noakes 2001). Shareholders, on the other hand, cannot be held liable for the debts of a company beyond their capital investment. This is what is referred to as the corporate veil. With time, the legal courts have appreciated the fact that the companys corporate veil can be pierced to deprive the shareholders the protection against the companys liability as offered by the limited liability principle. "Piercing the corporate veil," therefore, refers to a situation where the courts disregard the limited liability principle and hold a shareholder or a director personally liable for the debts or actions of the corporation as if it were the actions of the shareholders or directors. In this case, the court disregards the separateness of the shareholder from the corporation. Such instances arise when the company or the shareholder request a court to do so due to some circumstance that may necessitate such an action. List of References Archibald, T., Jull, K. and Roach, K., 2003. The changed face of corporate criminal liability. Crim. LQ, 48, p.367. Corporation Act 2001 Gurunay, P. The directing mind and will test in corporate criminal liability. International journal of legal insight. Vol 1 (3). H.L Bolton Co. Ltd v. T.J. Graham and Sons Ltd. 1957 Ramsay, I. and Noakes, D.B., 2001. Piercing the corporate veil in Australia. Salomon v Salomon Co. 1897. AC 22 (Salomon).

Logically Proving God Essays - Philosophy Of Religion, Epistemology

Logically Proving God The following paper will provide a sound argument in favor of the existence of God. By demonstrating that an Atheist world cannot account for the preconditions of the laws of logic an Atheist cannot even account for a rational debate concerning the existence of God. The impossibility of the contrary, the best and only proof that the nesesary truth of the existence of God is his revelation of himself to us that makes it possible for us to use logic. This could be translated, using only nessesary truths, into the form of: L: (laws of logic) G: (God exists) if L entails G L ================ G Logic is the laws of reasoning that God has established. If God has established these laws of reasoning that we call logic then how could the Atheist system account for the laws of logic. First they are immaterial and universal, and how could anything immaterial and universal be accounted for in a naturalistic (matter only) universe. Second if God has established these laws of reasoning then there would be no atheism. An Atheist wants to believe in laws of logic which are universal in application, but in order to escape the ultimate implications of this idea ( there is a God who imposes universal standards of reason.), the Atheist will try to maintain that the laws of logic are merely conventions of general agreement amongst them. This is philosophically non-acceptable, if logic were simply a matter of convention, it would be impossible to have any kind of rational debate because either side could win by simply stipulating different laws of logic by convention. Therefore since univer sal laws cannot be changed by convention since they hold constant in all possible worlds is it not fair to say then that there is a God who imposes universal standards of reason. Philosophy

Healthcare Management MBA Essay Samples

Healthcare Management MBA Essay SamplesIf you are considering pursuing a career in the healthcare industry, then you should definitely look into taking the same. Fortunately, there are lots of healthcare management MBA Essay samples out there which you can use to help get you going with the right direction for your future career.Once you finish reading about these healthcare business mba essay samples, you will be able to start your career without any doubt. These are some very valuable resources to help you out in your career aspirations, but also for getting your education started. With a few articles to begin with, you will now have more of an idea as to what your studies would consist of.The best way to get an idea of what to expect is to take the medicine and travel to a medical school. Do not worry about being on time, because you are guaranteed to be there at the scheduled time and this can be one of the best ways to begin your new career. You will find it challenging at first , but this can be highly rewarding at the end of the day when you have accomplished your goals and have gained a good degree.A degree in healthcare management is certainly going to make you stand out in the field and you will be well on your way to being well paid. Even though healthcare management is not a new field, it is a very exciting and competitive field to work in because it requires skill sets which are all in demand in today's healthcare industry.There are lots of possibilities for healthcare managers who aspire to go to an MBA program. These students will find that many of their job opportunities are highly sought after in today's market, so if you are in this line of business, you will need to seek out as many new opportunities as possible. These MBA Essay samples will give you the idea of what type of jobs you might find in the healthcare sector.As you begin to begin your education, you will quickly notice that you will need a good amount of time to complete the require ments for the MBA. This is also why you should aim to get the best education possible so that you do not have to struggle through some difficult academic programs. These MBA Essay samples are designed to show you what you will encounter once you have finished your studies.The good news is that you will have plenty of opportunity to choose your courses, which is a great advantage when you look to improve your skills and abilities in the industry. Be sure to pick courses that you know will enhance your current level of knowledge and make you a better healthcare manager. Always keep in mind that you want to get the most out of your education and you should go with a course that has proven to be successful in the past.

Literature Review of Celebrity Endorsement Essays

Literature Review of Celebrity Endorsement Essays Literature Review of Celebrity Endorsement Essay Literature Review of Celebrity Endorsement Essay Running head: A LITERARY REVIEW OF CELEBRITY ENDORSEMENT Celebrity Endorsement in Mass Media Advertising Brands Celebrity endorsement in mass media advertising has become a very beneficial phenomenon for many countries and has significantly increased in the past decade, and should be the main principle of brand communications since it is the key to marketing success. Any product that is displayed in a television commercial or magazine advertisement by a corporation that uses a celebrity or well known public figure to give a testimonial or information about the product, is practicing celebrity endorsement. Although commonly thought of starting in the United States, celebrity endorsement began in India during the ‘80s but has since been adopted by countries in Asia, Europe, and almost worldwide. Modern mass media (especially that of tabloids) has increased exposure of celebrities to the point that it is unavoidable to not be exposed to a celebrity face. The primary principle that celebrity endorsement works off of is the public recognition of the celebrity endorser as an admirable or desirable cultural force. It is not uncommon to view commercials from the past 10 years and see popular icons like Britney Spears endorsing a particular soft drink like Pepsi or Michael Jordan endorsing Nike as the number one brand for anyone that has even the slightest liking to sports. These celebrities among many others, are used to promote products, services, and ideas (Kambitsis et al. , 2002). A reason for the increase in the usage of celebrity endorsing on various levels of mass media is almost exclusively due to the fact that this strategy results in more positive advertisement and product ratings (Dean and Biswas, 2001), as well as A LITERARY REVIEW OF CELEBRITY ENDORSEMENT an increase in the purchasing of the product and in turn, increased finances for the producer (Erdogan, 2001). Most celebrity endorsers come from the entertainment and sports industries. Nevertheless, more than likely, the celebrity endorser is not known to the public for the product that they are endorsing (Friedman, 1979), therefore they are not experts of that product. As mentioned previously for example, Britney Spears has endorsed Pepsi. She s an iconic pop singer and even though she wrote a song called â€Å"Joy of Pepsi,† she is not an expert on what the best tasting soft drink is; her fame has no relation to what she is endorsing. Besides those obvious facts, Pepsi’s sales increased four times as fast as their competitor (DeNitto, 1994). Although celebrity endorsing is very expensive for the companies, in the long run it has often helped their sales because they are recognized by the public and viewed as more powerful t han an anonymous face of a model (Carroll, 2008). Celebrities are also interested in endorsing themselves in the product as their image considerably develops rather quickly along with the product. According to Speck (1988), endorsements involve three participants; sellers, endorsers, and target consumers. This is because the seller asks an endorser to use and evaluate a product, and then after trying a product, the endorser encourages the target consumers and personal fans to also purchase and try out the product. Advertising campaigns using celebrities to support brand strategy have in general tended to be repetitive, high-profile and loud extravaganzas in which the celebrity features prominently and directly, unlike the product itself, which seems more like an addition to the whole scheme of the advertisement (Carroll, 2009). Celebrity endorsement is a powerful marketing strategy compared to the A LITERARY REVIEW OF CELEBRITY ENDORSEMENT likes of public relations and sales promotion but has been the most long-standing beneficial strategy out of all (Hsu and McDonald, 2002). Choosing the Celebrity Endorser Giving a brand a recognizable ‘face’ is often more than just a marketing strategy, but for better or worse can change a brand forever. Thus, choosing a celebrity endorser is of maximum importance and therefore done on a whole slew of parameters that include appeal, looks, popularity, product type, message type, etc. (Erdogan, 1999). The general belief among advertisers is that brand communication messages that are delivered by these selectively chosen celebrity endorsers, produce a higher appeal and recall than those advertisements that are not celebrity endorsed. Furthermore, when celebrities are recognized with brand names, it creates a positive attitude, as well as a distinct personality for the brand. For example, Forbes reported that Chanel, an extremely well known Parisian fashion house, acquired an endorsement deal with spokes icon Nicole Kidman, which in turn increased business by about 16%, without administering any changes whatsoever in fragrance or packaging, because â€Å"all of a sudden, younger women took notice of the brand (Forbes). † Credibility is also an obvious large part in determining who to use in endorsements for a specific product. Previous research has shown that celebrities that endorse several products at a time are seen as less credible to the typical consumer (Hsu and McDonald, 2002), rather than a celebrity who just endorses a single product. The reason for this insight is because a celebrity who endorses multiple products can seem as if they do not have a real liking or interest in a particular product and will just peddle any product that is asked of them. Another event that could A LITERARY REVIEW OF CELEBRITY ENDORSEMENT iscredit a celebrity endorsement is negative press or events that are associated with the celebrity’s name. This very problem occurred in 2005 with supermodel Kate Moss. She was dropped from her endorsements from large companies Burberry, HM, and Chanel, when photographs of her snorting cocaine surfaced in magazines and websites. Companies using a celebrity endorser take into account the serious consequences (loss of revenue, bad image) of putting a tainted face to their produc t since as stated above, the brand’s whole personality is often dependent on the celebrity endorser. Another aspect that is taken into account pertaining to the effectiveness of the celebrity endorser is to directly measure the degree that the consumers evaluate the celebrity as genuinely liking the product that they are endorsing. According to Gilbert and Malone (1995), these evaluations are recognizable under a type of judgment called â€Å"correspondent inferences. † Correspondent inferences generally refer to a judgment that consumers observe the endorser’s behavior in the advertisement to then infer consistent character in the endorser. For example, the consumer would observe an athlete saying he loves the breakfast cereal Wheaties, and then the consumer would infer that the athlete really does, in fact, like Wheaties. Adding to this study, McCracken (1986) suggests that a celebrity that best represents the appropriate symbolic properties â€Å"of the product should be selected, thus, highlighting the importance of the cultural meanings of celebrities in the endorsement process. † Culturally speaking, Americans identify themselves more closely with celebrities and are more willing to accept and unconsciously accept endorsement messages. Brands are therefore seen as playing a fundamental, as well as A LITERARY REVIEW OF CELEBRITY ENDORSEMENT complex role in the construction of the self (Carroll, 2009). We achieve self-consistency via brand consumption, purchasing brands that we perceive to be similar to our selfconcept. Defined as image congruence hypothesis, this suggests that brands perform a function of self-enhancement whereby consumers form perceptions about brands and compare these to their own value system, selecting brands that match the closest. All in all, the public’s fascination with the celebrities will continue on because of their role in society as an entertainer and in return, the use of celebrities in advertising will continue to increase (Pringle, 2004). Grant McCracken has proposed the Meaning Transfer Theory when referring to celebrity endorsement and its effectiveness. His theory states that a celebrity encodes a unique set of meanings that can be transferred to the endorsed product if used in the correct way. This theory takes place in three stages- encoding meanings, meaning transfer, and meaning capture. McCracken’s theory is described as first, encoding meanings: this is basically the age, gender, race, and wealth or personal lifestyle that a celebrity can be identified with by the public. For example, a celebrity can be seen as cute, witty, and charming due to any of those factors, since each person viewing these celebrities will make their own meanings about them (McCracken, 1986). The next stage that occurs is meaning transfer. This second stage transfers those meanings to a product and when those meanings are skillfully portrayed, celebrities are able to communicate the image more powerfully as endorsers. The final stage is meaning capture, which assumes A LITERARY REVIEW OF CELEBRITY ENDORSEMENT that consumers purchase products not just for their practical value, but for their cultural and symbolic value that they can convey from the product. Agreeing with McCracken, Carroll also adds to this statement by reporting that the consumers now turn to brands of products less as bundles of utility and more so as â€Å"badges that contain social meaning† (Carrol, 2009). Simply put, it is the stage that the consumers hope to capture some part of the meaning from the first stage (cute, witty, etc. , which the celebrity endorser has seemed to have passed on to the product. This is especially true in celebrity promoted lifestyle products like perfumes, clothes, and consumer technology (McCracken, 1986). Because celebrity endorsements tie into people’s personal and cultural meanings, it seems that they will always infinitely be effective and have proven to be a sustainable marketing technique. Based on the previous research, this study will move forward and add to the literature by asking the following questions: RQ 1: Will all correspondent inferences be positively associated with the attitudes toward the advertised product? RQ 2: Will observers (consumers) still believe that the celebrity endorser likes the product more than the average user, even though they know the endorser is getting a large payment? References Dean, D. H. and Biswas, A. (2001). Third-party organization endorsement of products: an advertising cue affecting consumer pre purchase evaluation of goods and services. Journal of Advertising. 30 (4). Carroll, Angela. (2009). 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Culture and consumption: a theoretical account of the structure and movement of the cultural meaning of consumer goods. The Journal of Consumer Research. 13 (1). Onkvisit, S. and Shaw, J. (1987). Self-concept and image congruence: Some research and managerial implications. Journal of Consumer Marketing. 4(1). 13-23. Pringle, H. (2004). Celebrity sells. John Wiley and Sons Ltd. England. Ruiz, N. (2008). Can a star sell you style?. Forbes. com LLC.